This report illustrates main contents of ‘the Provisional Regulation on the supervision of Instant Messaging and Public Information Services issued by the Chinese government， and examines the background， effects， and the meaning of the Provisional Regulation. The main contents of the Provisional Regulation include the real-name registration on public accounts of instant messaging tools， and the prior approval system for political news publications. This report argues that the enforcement of the Provisional Regulation could affect the freedom of expression and mobile social network industry